Getting error : org.openqa.selenium.WebDriverException: unknown error: keys should be a string

I am getting the error to access the data from the properties file in my selenium UI : How can this be solved ?

org.openqa.selenium.WebDriverException: unknown error: keys should be a string.


I have the following framework. I made it for my self for ease, looks like complicating myself. If any good ideas to better it, please suggest.
Appreciate all suggestions.

Framework contains the following :
1. config properties file
2. utilities class
3. Page elements definition class file
4. reusable functions class file
5. test classes

config.properties file has the following content :

config.properties

url=http://some.com
Email=someuser
Password=somepassword


Utilities class (BrowserCalls) the following code :

BrowserCalls

import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Properties;

public class BrowserCalls {

public WebDriver driver;
public Properties configs = new Properties();
public String pathToProperties = "path to config.properties file";

public void invokeChromeBrowser() throws IOException {

FileInputStream input = new FileInputStream(pathToProperties);
pmsConfigs.load(input);
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", configs.getProperty("chromepath"));
driver = new ChromeDriver();
getAndMazimize();

}

private void getAndMazimize(){

driver.get(configs.getProperty("url"));
driver.manage().window().maximize();

}


public void closeChromeBrowser(){

if(driver != null){

driver.close();
}

}


}


Page elements definition class file has the following code :

import org.openqa.selenium.By;

public class LoginPageElements {


//Login page elements
public static By element1 = By.xpath("/html/head/link[1]");
public static By username = By.xpath("//*[@id="login"]/input/tr1/td1");
public static By password = By.xpath("//*[@id="login"]/input/tr2/td1");
public static By submitButton = By.xpath("//*[@id="login"]/input/tr3/td2/button");
public static By title = By.xpath("/html/head/title");

}


Functionality definition classes to be called by test case classes :

import com.automation.PageElements.LoginPageElements;
import com.automation.ReusableFunctions.BrowserCalls;

public class LoginFeature extends BrowserCalls {

public void userLogin(){

driver.findElement(LoginPageElements.element1);
driver.findElement(LoginPageElements.username).sendKeys(configs.getProperty(Email));
driver.findElement(LoginPageElements.password).sendKeys(configs.getProperty(Password));
driver.findElement(LoginPageElements.submitButton).click();

}

}


Test Case class is as below :

import com.automation.ReusableFunctions.BrowserCalls;
import com.automation.Components.LoginFeature;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;

import java.io.IOException;

public class LoginTestCase1 extends BrowserCalls {

@Test (description = "Verify application login")
public void LoginTest() throws IOException {

LoginFeature login = new LoginFeature();
login.invokeChromeBrowser();
login.userLogin();
login.closeChromeBrowser();

}

}


3 Answers
3

You can check what this two statements return like this:

System.out.println(System.getProperty("Email"));
System.out.println(System.getProperty("Password"));


probably they are returning null, and that's why you are getting error.

null

Try this:

public void userLogin(){
System.out.println(System.getProperty("Email")); // check statement return
System.out.println(System.getProperty("Password")); // check statement return

driver.findElement(LoginPageElements.element1);
driver.findElement(LoginPageElements.username).sendKeys(configs.getProperty("Email"));
driver.findElement(LoginPageElements.password).sendKeys(configs.getProperty("Password"));
driver.findElement(LoginPageElements.submitButton).click();

}


PS

System.getProperty("key") // should be like this
System.getProperty(key) // not like this


Change these two lines to :

driver.findElement(LoginPageElements.username).sendKeys(configs.getProperty(Email))
driver.findElement(LoginPageElements.password).sendKeys(configs.getProperty(Password));


To:

driver.findElement(LoginPageElements.username).sendKeys(configs.getProperty("username"))
driver.findElement(LoginPageElements.password).sendKeys(configs.getProperty("password"));


Now talking about the suggestion part :

There is some serious issue in this class : LoginPageElements , and that is because of absolute xpath.

For example : You are using this xpath : //*[@id="login"]/input/tr3/td2/button to click on submit button.

//*[@id="login"]/input/tr3/td2/button

A good alternative would suggest you to use relative xpath something like :

//button[text()='Submit'] // This may not work cause you have not shared the HTML for the submit button. Here I am just guessing.


different alternative would be to go with : sendKeys(Keys.RETURN) , if and only if the application support clicking on enter after providing the username and password.Something like this in code :

username

password

driver.findElement(LoginPageElements.password).sendKeys(configs.getProperty("password"+Keys.RETURN));


Though as suggested by @Andrei , if you are heavily dependent on login as test method , then you should write a relative xpath or any other locator for the submit button instead of Keys.RETURN.

Keys.RETURN

Your all xpath are absolute , try to write locators as in this order :

sendKeys(Keys.RETURN)

Some time ago I was have troubles with property file, the problem was with line separators, when I opened property file with Notepad++ all looked fine, but line separators was missing when file was opened with Notepad. Possibly it will help

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